Liquid Light Turns Carbon Dioxide into Chemicals

Liquid Light Turns Carbon Dioxide into Chemicals

October 7, 2014 By Nanalyze

The world is addicted to crude oil. Every day we consume around 90 million barrels or 3.8 billion gallons of crude oil, 84% of which is used for energy production. The other 16% is used as a raw material to create a multitude of other chemical products such as pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. But the need for crude oil as a feedstock may begin diminishing over time as disruptive technologies begin to mature. Companies are developing alternatives to using crude to manufacture chemicals, companies such as Genomatica, which has delivered synthetic organisms that represent the industry’s first commercial bio-based process for producing a high-volume intermediate chemical without the need for crude. This process called GENO BDO produced 5 million pounds of Butanediol (BDO) in 2012 (about 100 truckloads sold and shipped) and has now been licensed by the world’s #1 producer of BDO, BASF. Another company looking to create an intermediate chemical using environmentally friendly feedstock instead of crude oil is Liquid Light.

About Liquid Light
Founded in 2009, New Jersey based Liquid Light has taken in $23.5 million in funding so far from the likes of VantagePoint Capital Partners, BP Ventures, Chrysalix Energy Venture Capital, and Osage University Partners. Liquid Light first unveiled their electrochemical production method for making chemicals in March of this year which is based on technology licensed from Princeton University. The event was highlighted in an MIT Technology Review article titled “A Cheaper Route to Making Chemicals from CO2“ which contained the following statement:

Liquid Light’s electrochemical production method for chemicals would be an appealing substitute for current petroleum-based methods, particularly for chemicals with oxygen in them, says Gary Dirks, a former BP executive and a scientific advisor to Liquid Light. “You get products that are not easy to get from oil-based hydrocarbons in a much simpler process and at lower cost,” he says.
The production method is “lower cost” because it uses waste carbon dioxide as a feedstock instead of more expensive current feedstocks used such as natural gas, crude oil, or corn.

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Gamry will be holding a Workshop at the ECS Meeting in Cancun, Mexico

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Difficult Samples

Gamry will be holding a Workshop at the ECS Meeting in Cancun, Mexico. If you do EIS on very low impedance or very high impedance samples then you should attend Gamry’s  workshop at the ECS meeting tomorrow.  This workshop will cover precautions needed for analyzing very low impedance samples such as batteries and fuel cells as Read more about Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Difficult Samples[…]

4-terminal Kelvin type connector battery holders for eis

4 Terminal Measurements for EIS of Batteries-Coin Cell & Cylindrical

Purpose of This Note
This application note discusses the differences between 2‑point and 4‑point measurements of batteries.  These two typical setups are compared with Gamry’s battery holders for CR2032 coin cells and cylindrical 18650 batteries.  Both holders allow direct‑contact Kelvin sensing.

EIS measurements are performed with two types of lithium‑ion batteries and different experimental setups.  In addition, shorted lead measurements show the low‑impedance limits of Gamry’s 18650 and CR2032 battery holders.

Introduction
It is crucial to know the exact specifications when testing batteries or any other energy storage device.  Many parameters affect the capability of a battery, e.g. electrolyte, electrode materials, and temperature.

Batteries have to pass different tests to check their capacity, voltage window, current rating, internal impedance, leakage current, cycle life, operational temperature range, as well as several impact tests.

In order to get correct, reliable, and reproducible results, researchers have to rely on their experimental setup.  Wrong setups can heavily affect and falsify measurement results leading to inaccurate conclusions.

The following sections show by means of EIS experiments the influence of the setup on the actual result.  Common battery setups are compared with Gamry’s direct‑contact 4‑terminal battery holders.  Shorted lead measurements with dummy cells show the lower limits of Gamry’s battery holders.

Dual Cell CR2032 and 18650 Battery Holder
Figure 1 shows typical options to connect cylindrical batteries and coin cells.  Some batteries can be purchased with soldered tabs on each electrode.  They allow connecting alligator clips for measurements.  If no tabs are available, simple battery holders with two contacts are often used.

Battery connectors for cylindrical batteries

Figure 1 – Selection of battery connectors for cylindrical batteries and coin cells.

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